Author: Alejandro López Flores and Ronald G. Hernández Maldonado

Date: November 6, 2025

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Poverty must be contextualized with social variables to understand and address it effectively. The Backwardness Index for Puerto Rico is an indicator composed of five variables that comprise two dimensions: Economic Mobility and Demography. This index seeks to measure poverty beyond income thresholds, and to incorporate elements of social backwardness and relative deprivation. An exploratory factor analysis was carried out on a set of variables to validate the construction of the multidimensional deprivation model, and to retain the variables that best captured the phenomenon of deprivation. Then, the retained variables were normalized using thresholds. The thresholds were obtained with data from the Puerto Rico Community Survey (ECPR or PRCS in English) and the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS in English). The scores of the different variables were aggregated by dimension, using the arithmetic mean, and the scores resulting from the dimensions were aggregated using the geometric mean. The values of the index lie between 0 and 1 where, the higher the score, the worse the result of the phenomenon.42 municipalities showed a decrease in their index score between the periods compared. Of these 42 municipalities, 22 showed a decrease in their score greater than 5%. Likewise, there are concentrations of municipalities with high Lagging Index scores in the central-southwest and southeastern areas of Puerto Rico.

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PRESS RELEASE

PUERTO RICO STATE DATA CENTER NETWORK (SDC-PR)

Just over 2% of the population emigrated in 2017

This is indicated by the net migratory balance in the most recent Migrant Profile

San Juan, PR, August 23, 2019 — During the calendar year 2017, it was estimated that around 2.4% of the population immigrated to other jurisdictions in the United States, translating into nearly 77,000 people in net terms. This was revealed by the Migrant Profile 2017, which was published today by the Puerto Rico Institute of Statistics, and which presents an overview of the migratory movement in Puerto Rico in the calendar year 2017. Within 13 years of information from the Community Survey of the U.S. Census Bureau, this figure marks the migratory peak of this source. In addition, the profile uses information on the net movement of air passengers from the U.S. Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) and the Ports Authority. Here are the main findings:

1. In 2017, Puerto Rico's migration indicators expanded, showing the effect of the impact of hurricanes: 97,000 people migrated to the United States, increasing the record level of Community Survey data from the previous year
   • 77,000 people migrated to the United States in net terms, a new mark compared to information from the Community Survey
   • 27,000 people immigrated to the United States with some post-secondary education in net terms, according to the Community Survey
   • 294 thousand air passengers to all destinations in net terms according to BTS
2. The migratory trend intensified in the current decade (2010-2017); in net terms:
3. • 458,000 people migrated to other jurisdictions in the United States, according to the Community Survey
   • 737,000 air passengers left for all destinations, according to BTS

3. The ten states with the highest emigration from Puerto Rico (2017), in descending order, were Florida, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, New York, Texas, New Jersey, Connecticut, Ohio, Georgia, and North Carolina.

4. The median income of emigrants and immigrants between Puerto Rico and the United States fell by 11% and 2%, respectively.

5. By 2017, 37% of emigrants and 50% of immigrants were living in poverty, according to the Community Survey.

6. According to data from the Community Survey, the management and professional occupational group continued to have the highest proportion among emigrants, followed by service occupations. As for specific occupations:

• • It was estimated that between 657 and 4,043 emigrants were employed as packers and packers. From 1,072 to 3,416 they were employed as customer service representatives.
  • In turn, it was estimated that 924 to 3,170 were teachers and 774 to 2,676 were responsible for building maintenance and cleaning.

“The continuity in the publication of the Migrant Profile allows us to contrast the most recent estimates of the migrant population against the behavior of previous years. The various series show the trend and changes in the size and characteristics of migrants in demographic and socio-economic aspects. This new publication reflects the immediate effect of the impact of the hurricanes up to December 2017, maximizing the migratory flow to figures never before recorded in Puerto Rico. In the field of education, for the third consecutive year (2015-2017), more than 50% of emigrants aged 25 and over had some post-secondary education. On the other hand, the scenario is presented that more than a third of emigrants, once residing in a state, live below the poverty level.” said Alberto L. Velázquez-Estrada, Manager of Statistical Projects at the Institute.

See more details and information about the 2017 Migrant Profile, as well as previous publications, in the Publications section of the Puerto Rico Institute of Statistics: Publications.

The Puerto Rico Statistics Institute is an autonomous governmental entity responsible for coordinating the Government's statistical production service to ensure that the data collection and statistics systems, on which public policies are based, are complete, reliable, and have quick and universal access. In addition, as the leading entity of the SDC in Puerto Rico, the Institute manages the SDC portal, which contains the main statistical reports and publications of the U.S. Census Bureau on Puerto Rico, specifically those that are most in demand, such as annual population estimates; the Puerto Rico Community Survey (Puerto Rico Community Survey) and official statistics on Puerto Rico's 10-year population and housing censuses, among others. The Puerto Rico SDC portal can be accessed through: https://censo.estadisticas.pr/.

For more information you can visit our website: www.estadisticas.pr.gov. In addition, you can follow us on social networks through Facebook (@estadisticas .pr), Twitter (@EstadisticasPR) and LinkedIn (Institute of Statistics of Puerto Rico) accounts.

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Press Contact:

Idia Martínez

787-603-3200

imartinez@upfrontpr.net

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Statistics Institute approves resolution ordering the resumption of the daily disclosure of the prevailing prices of gasoline wholesalers.